Government Of Malaysia Controlling Housing Speculative - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1328 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Research paper Topics: Government Essay Did you like this example? In chapter 1 and 2 it has already been discussed by way of introduction and Lending Value Rate (LTV), Real Property Gain Tax, Stamp Duty Fees and Base Lending Rate (BLR) are the ways to monitor or control housing speculative by government of Malaysia. This section is to examine research methodology and theoretical framework in order to understand the nature of the research problems. This framework is to test the relationship between independent variables and dependent variables. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Government Of Malaysia Controlling Housing Speculative" essay for you Create order Questionnaire design and method of data collection will be discussed. At the same time, population and sample size will be covered in this chapter. Therefore, this study is to investigate and to understand the way of control or monitor by government of Malaysia in housing speculative whether effective. This selection of research methodology is very important in ensuring all information and data received will assist in meeting the survey objectives. This chapter focuses or the reason for and choices made in research design. The various stages of the research are as below. 1.Determining the Research Design 2.Type of Investigation 3.Identifying the Time Horizon 4. Data Collection Method Figure 3.1 Steps in Research Methodology With virtually all research there has to be some compromise between the ideal and the actual, and this project is of no exception. Despite setting out with very detail plans for the research design, various factors intervened and impacted on the methodology. 3.2 Theoretical Framework Theoretical Framework is a collection of interrelated concept but not necessarily developed to become a confirmed theory. Thus, it is obviously critical in deductive, theory-testing sorts of studies such as (1) Applied versus Basis research (2) Exploratory versus Confirmatory research (3) Quantitative versus Qualitative research. In these studies, the theoretical framework should be very specific and well organised. The objective of the theoretical framework is to aim at the control or monitor housing speculative by government Malaysia whether effective. Schematically diagram of theoretical framework below represent the ways to monitor and control housing speculation by government of Malaysia. Loan to Value Ratio Base Lending Rate Control or monitor Housing Speculative by government of Malaysia. Capital Gain Tax for Property Increase Stamp Duty Fees Dependent Variable Independent Variable Figure 3.2: Schematic Diagram of the Theoretical Framework Generally, research can be categorized into two styles of variables which are dependent variable and independent variable. A variable is a concept that can vary or have more than one value. It certainly affect the outcome if any measurement taken. Hence, it is important to define the variables for the research purpose. The illustration above showed that the independent variables which consist of loan to value ratio, base lending rate, capital gain tax on property and increase stamp duty fees influences the direction and the volume of change of the dependent variable, which is the control or monitor housing speculative by government of Malaysia. 3.2.1 Independent Variables Blundell and Stephen (1998) defined independent variables as the presumed cause of some changes in the dependent variables. In the scientific experiment, one cannot have a dependent variable without any independent variables. The independent variables of this research are the ways of loan to value ratio, base lending rate, capital gains tax on property and increase stamp duty fees. 3.2.2 Dependent Variables Copper Schindler (2003) mentioned that a dependent variable is a criterion or a variable that is to be predicted or explained. In this research, there is only one dependent variable which is the control or monitor housing speculative by government Malaysia. 3.3 Hypotheses There are four hypotheses are being proved: Set No. Hypotheses SET 1 Ho There is not possible loan-to-value ratio to control or monitor housing speculative by government Malaysia. H1 There is possible loan-to-value ratio to control or monitor housing speculative by government Malaysia. SET 2 Ho There is not the way of Base Lending Rate to control or monitor housing speculative by government Malaysia. H1 There is the way of Base Lending Rate to control or monitor housing speculative by government Malaysia. SET 3 Ho There is not the way of Capital Gains Tax for Property to control or monitor housing speculative by government Malaysia. H1 There is the way of Capital Gains Tax for Property to control or monitor housing speculative by government Malaysia. SET 4 Ho There is not the way of using Increase Stamp Duty Fees to control or monitor housing speculative by government Malaysia. H1 There is the way of using Increas e Stamp Duty Fees to control or monitor housing speculative by government Malaysia. Figure 3.3 Statements of Hypotheses 3.4Research Design Kinnear and Taylor, (1996) define that research design is the basis plan that guide the data collection and analyzing phases of the research project. 3.4.1 Nature of Research This research project was initially conceived as a piece of qualitative paper, based on exploring several sources which includes range from articles, journals, websites and texts to identify the research topic. As mentioned before, the research started in November which makes use the exploratory research to analyze the effectiveness of the ways to monitor and control housing speculation by government of Malaysia. Drawing on the literature review, a series of exploratory research carried out by the researcher in order to collect qualitative information in helping to build a conceptual foundation. Therefore, the researcher was explored various sources to gather in order to identify the research topic. 3.5 Research Approach There were two sources of data collected for this research. The first stage of field research involved self à ¢ÃƒÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¬administered questionnaire. The questionnaires were distributed to the respondents chosen at random at various locations. Following the second stage involved secondary data which involved articles, journals, websites and texts. 3.5.1 Primary Data Research Questionnaire Design According to Coourh and Housden (1996), questionnaire research has four main purpose (1) to collect relevant data, (2) to make data comparisons, (3) to minimize bias and (4) to motivate the respondents. Following the literature review, questionnaires (refer Figure 3.0) were developed to determine the extent of the effectiveness of the ways to monitor and control housing speculation by government of Malaysia. The unstructured questionnaire can be divided into two sections. Sections A included 4 questions regarding the profile of respondents such as age, gender, marital status, education level, occupation and salary range. Section B require the respondents to analyze the effectiveness of the ways to monitor and control housing speculation by government of Malaysia. This is consists of the statements on the four independent variables which are loan to value ratio, base lending rate, capital gains tax on property and increase stamp duty fees and one dependent variable that are me asured in the questions. Sampling Design and Population The current study explores the effectiveness of the ways to monitor and control housing speculation by government of Malaysia. The respondents involved in this research study were selected from the population with the specific target at those banker, accountant, auditor and tax agent in Penang and Kuala Lumpur. They were drawn from different background. There were 60 randomly selected respondents in this research study. 3.5.2 Secondary Data The second stage of research consisted of review on the researches which had been carried previous researchers which were classed as secondary data. According to Webb (2002), secondary is data useful to secure reliable and valid information. There are several compelling reasons to do so. Firstly, to avoid bias of the questionnaire research, it makes good sense to exhaust secondary date for the purpose of providing guidance and satisfying the overall objectives of this research. This is because according to Green, Tull and Albaum (1998), secondary data may solve and obliterate the problem that may be encounter in primary research. Majority 80 percent of the secondary data are found through the internet, in professional journals and newspapers, in reference books from E-book written by giving true evidence. The information from secondary data can be accurate because it published and supported by researchers. Another 20 percent of the secondary data obtained from other resources . Using secondary data in this research are time saving and convenience compare with primary data. Besides that, primary data is also too costly. Hence, the research can be successfully carried out by using secondary data to support.

Business Ethics Ethics Programs - 2331 Words

Business Ethics: Ethics Programs Task 2: Parts A - D Choicelle L. Jackson Western Governor’s University Oct 2014 STANDARDS AND PROCEDURES/ETHICAL CODE OF CONDUCT Welcome! As a premier hospice home healthcare agency, Company X is committed to providing quality health care services, maintaining a high level of trust and compassion for our clients, and conducting all Company business with unquestionable integrity. We are also committed to compliance with all statutes, regulations, and guidelines applicable to United States Federal health care program and their subsequent billing practices. While these standards cannot possibly cover every situation, they are designed to help all employees understand and meet the goals†¦show more content†¦Although it is the responsibility of the individual employee to keep their licenses in good standing, we will verify licensure and certification of employees upon hiring, monitor periodic renewals, and maintain appropriate staffing levels in accordance with State and Federal law. †¢ We will conduct a reference check and thorough background investigation, according to State and Federal regulations, before hiring employees who have access to clients or their possessions. †¢ We will ensure that care management discussions by the Interdisciplinary Team (IDT) focus on providing necessary services to meet the needs of the client based on the on-going clinical assessment of the individual. Clients’ Rights and Privacy Our clients have rights that are enforced by federal and state laws. The Company and all employees have a legal responsibility, as well as a moral one, to communicate and preserve these rights. All clients have a right to a dignified existence that fosters freedom of choice and self-determination, and will be allowed reasonable accommodations for specific needs. As spelled out in the full version of our Code of Conduct, the following will not be tolerated and is a means for discipline and/or termination: †¢ Discriminatory denial of care †¢ Any form of verbal, mental or physical abuse, corporal punishment or involuntary seclusion †¢ Improper use of physical or chemical restraints †¢ Failure to provide appropriate access to client records upon request, and to

Socially Constructed Phenomenon

Question: Discuss this statement with reference to the criminological schools of thought, the emergence of the victim in criminological thought, different definitions of crime, and measuring crime and victimisation? Answer: Introduction Crimes like murder, assault, robbery, rape and theft are all considered as criminal offenses. Such criminal behaviors increase the crime problem of a nation and also from the general public with fear. Criminal behavior can be described as the behavior that violates the criminal law. It cannot be considered as a crime unless the behavior has been limited by the criminal law. On the other hand, traditionally, criminal law has been defined as the body of rules related with human conduct that have been promulgated by political authority and are applicable uniformly to all the members of the class to which such rules referred to and which rules are enforced by arrangement that is administered by the State (Carrabine et al., 2014). Without these laws, there shall be complete chaos and similarly there will be no social order. In this way, it can be said that these laws are invoked in order to maintain social control. But the crime problem is still a serious problem and as a result, the dema nd is also present for more such laws. However in order to deal with the problem of crime, it is important that the meaning of crime should be assessed. It has been argued by some criminologists that crime is socially constructed. On the other hand, there are many who believe that crime is real and therefore it should be taken seriously. In this way, in case of the social construction of crime, it is believed that crime is caused by social factors (Walklate, 2007). According to it, crime is not related with psychological and biological factors and it is a response to the state of society and also the inequality in the society.The theories that are present in the support of social construction of crime include Labeling, New Criminology, Marxism and Gender Studies. Crime as a socially constructed processLabeling Theory In case of the leading theory, it is provided that the criminals are labeled as criminals due to the purpose of social order. Their behavior is not in accordance with the social norms and the society does not tolerate such deviant behaviors. Such an impression has to be imposed by the law agents but at the same time, it has also been proposed by some criminologists that the labeling system also encourages more criminal behavior instead of decreasing it (Treadwell, 2006). The labeling theory not only accounts for the different impact that it has on certain individuals but at the same time it can also have a negative impact on the way some groups are perceived (Karmen, 2013). The exaggeration combined with labeling can result in creating a model panic among the public. Moral panics are the reaction of the public and the media towards certain events. In this way, model panic is also considered as public outcries. Such events are considered as a threat to the social order and an example of such events can be given in the form of soccer violence or vandalism. The public receives information regarding the crime from the media. For example, during the 1970s, the focus of the attention of media was on mugging. Images from the ghettos were used by the media and street robberies were defined into a new youth and the violent crime taking place on streets came to be known as mugging. Very soon, the moral panic that was associated with mugging started to focus on black youths. It was considered that the problem has been the result of racial inequality and social deprivation. The result was that media completely blew out of proportion the incidence of mugging. The matters were made worse when the police started to target black youths who were seen in the streets. In this way, the media has to be selective regarding the events that are going to be reported by it and also the way, the event is going to be presented to the public. For example the crimes against environment are not considered as 'spectacularly newsworthy' while the cases of violence in which injuries have been received by innocent persons generally receive the attention of the media (Walklate, 2011). Theory of Karl Marx According to the theory of crime proposed by Karl Marx, crime is committed by the lower class as a result of the inequality that is generally seen in case of capitalist societies. Significant social changes have taken place as a result of the industrial revolution which has produced a capitalist society. In case of a capitalist society, there is a powerful ruling class which also owns the modes of production and at the same time, there is the class that is ruled by them and this class also works for them (Muncie, 2001). Therefore while the working class produces the goods, it is up to the owners to gain huge profits by selling these goods to the other members of the society. While the members of the working class only earn low wages and at the same time, the jobs they have to do can be very unrewarding and an interesting. As a result of the low wages given to them, the workers have to live in poverty. This division results in inequality and conflict. Such a conflict is generally expr essed in the form of riots and rebellion. In this way, according to this theory, crime is also an expression of the exploitation and the terrible working and living conditions that the people from the working class have to face.In this way, according to Karl Marx crime is the struggle of an individual against the prevailing conditions. According to this theory, it is believed that crime is socially constructed. However there are certain flaws in this theory. Capitalism alone cannot be considered as the cause behind crime. Crime is still present in case of industrialized societies. In the same way, this theory only focuses on the crime committed by lower-class (Sarre, 2012). It also needs to be noted in this regard that the people from the art classes also commit a number of crimes. Particularly these people are engaged in white-collar crime. Realism Right Realism: In the same way, in case of the realist criminology, there can be either Right or Left Realism. In both these cases, it is believed that crime is real and it has to be taken seriously. It is also believed that the safety of the public has to be ensured with the help of crime control. However Right Realism does not support the position that crime is produced by the society if a deviant person is labeled as a criminal but it is the personal choice of an individual to become a criminal. In case of Rigth Realism, it is realized that crime can be overrepresented as a result, in this case it is proper to gain information through victim surveys. On the other hand, the critics of right realism point out that it only focuses on the way social order can be achieved and on punishing the street crime. Therefore crimes like the white collar crimes are left out of this equation.Left Realism: On the other hand, the left realists are dissatisfied with the social construction of crime. According to them, crime is not the result of model panic that has been created by the media. It is the real expression of the public which results in moral panics. Therefore it is important to consider the fears of the public seriously and to act upon them. Conclusion While ending the discussion if crime is socially constructed or not, it can be said that crime can be said to be socially constructed as well as real. Crime can be considered as socially constructed in the form of the labeling individuals which turns the deviants into criminals. At the same time, the media can also be held responsible for the over-representation as well as the under-representation that may end up creating moral panics among the public. At the same time, crime can also be the result of the feeling of inequality and exploitation that can be created among the working class who has to face terrible living conditions, particularly in capitalist societies. Similarly, gender roles can also have an impact on the rate of crime between men and women. However it is also important to note that apart from all these, crime is also real. The victims of numerous crimes are present to tell their tales. In this way, crime represents a huge problem which has to be addressed effectively . Therefore while certain flaws are present in the radical theories, it can certainly be said that crime is a reality. References Carrabine, E, Cox, P, Fussey, P, Hobbs, D, South, N, Thiel, D, Turton, J 2014, 'The enlightenment thinkers and early traditions', inCriminology: a sociological introduction, 3rd edn, Routledge, Abingdon, Oxon, UK, pp. 49-65.Karmen, A 2013, 'What is victimology?', in Crime victims: an introduction to victimology, 8th edn, Wadsworth/Cengage Learning, Belmont, pp. 1-35.Muncie, J 2001, 'The construction and deconstruction of crime', in J Muncie E McLaughlin (eds), The problem of crime, Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE, pp. 7 70Sarre, R 2012, 'The criminal process', in M Marmo, W De Lint D Palmer (eds), Crime and justice: a guide to criminology, 4th edn, Thomson Reuters, Pyrmont, NSW, pp. 435-53.Treadwell, J 2006, 'Part three: study writing and revision skills', in Criminology, SAGE, Thousand Oaks, CA, pp. 128-168Walklate, S 2007, 'Perspectives in criminological theory', in Understanding criminology: Current theoretical debates, 3rd edn, Open University Press, Maidenhead, UK, pp. 17-37.Walklate , S 2011, 'Counting crime', in Criminology: the basics, 2nd edn, Routledge, Abingdon, UK, pp. 29-51.

Susan B. Anthony Essay Example For Students

Susan B. Anthony Essay I. Susan B. Anthony : A Biographical IntroductionSusan Brownell Anthony was born on February 15, 1820 inAdams, Massachusetts to Daniel and Lucy Anthony. Susan wasthe second born of eight children in a strict Quaker family. Her father, Daniel Anthony, was said to have been a sternman, a Quaker Abolitionist and a cotton manufacturer bornnear the conclusion of the eighteenth century. From what Iread, he believed in guiding his children, not indirecting them. Daniel Anthony did not allow hisoffspring to experience the childish amusements of toys,games, and music, which were seen as distractions from theinner light. Instead he enforced self-discipline,principled convictions, and the belief in ones ownself-worth. We will write a custom essay on Susan B. Anthony specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Each of my sources indicates that Susan was a precociouschild and she learned to read and write at the age of three. In 1826, the Anthonys moved from Massachusetts toBattensville, New York where Susan attended a districtschool. When the teacher refused to teach Susan longdivision, Susan was taken out of school and taught in ahome school set up by her father. The school was run by awoman teacher, Mary Perkins. Perkins offered a new image ofwomanhood to Susan and her sisters. She was independent andeducated and held a position that had traditionally beenreserved to young men. Ultimately, Susan was sent toboarding school near Philadelphia. She taught at a femaleacademy and Quaker boarding school, in upstate New York from1846-49. Afterwards, she settled in herfamily home in Rochester, New York. It was here that shebegan her first public crusade on behalf of temperance(Anthony, 1975). II. The Struggle for Womens RightsSusan B. Anthonys first involvement in the world ofreform was in the temperance movement. This was one of thefirst expressions of original feminism in the United Statesand it dealt with the abuses of women and children whosuffered from alcoholic husbands. The first womens rightsconvention had taken place in Seneca Falls, New York, inJuly of 1848. The declaration that emerged was modeled afterthe Declaration of Independence. Written by Elizabeth CadyStanton, it claimed that all men and women are createdequal and that the history of mankind is a history ofrepeated injuries and usurpations on the part of man towardwoman (Harper, 1993, vol. 1). Following a long list ofgrievances were resolutions for equitable laws, equaleducational and job opportunities, and the right to vote. One year later in 1849, Susan B. Anthony gave her firstpublic speech for the Daugters of Temperance and thenhelped to found the Womans State Temperance Society of NewYork, one of the first such organizations of its time. In 1851, she went to Syracuse to attend a series ofanti-slavery meetings. During this time Susan met ElizabethStanton in person, became fast friends, andsubsequently joined her and another woman named AmeliaBloomer in campaigns for womens rights. In 1854, shedevoted herself to the anti-slavery movement serving from1856 to the outbreak of the civil war in 1861. Here, SusanB. Anthony served as an agent for the American Anti-slaverySociety. Afterwards, she collaborated with Stanton andpublished the New York liberal weekly, The Revolution. (from 1868-70) which called for equal pay for women (Harper,1993, vols. 1 2). In 1872, Susan demanded that women be given the samecivil and political rights that had been extended to blackmales under the 14th and 15th amendments. Thus, she led agroup of women to the polls in Rochester to test the rightof women to vote. She was arrested two weeks later and whileawaiting trial, engaged in highly publicized lecture toursand in March 1873, she tried to vote again in cityelections. After being tried and convicted of violating thevoting laws, Susan succeeded in her refusal to pay the fineof one hundred dollars. From then on- she campaignedendlessly for a federal woman suffrage amendment through theNational Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) (from 1869-90)and the National American Woman Suffrage Association (from1890-1906) and by lecturing throughout the country as well(Barry, 1988). .ue14702c8dab9b890666cc3a7ee6bbee4 , .ue14702c8dab9b890666cc3a7ee6bbee4 .postImageUrl , .ue14702c8dab9b890666cc3a7ee6bbee4 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue14702c8dab9b890666cc3a7ee6bbee4 , .ue14702c8dab9b890666cc3a7ee6bbee4:hover , .ue14702c8dab9b890666cc3a7ee6bbee4:visited , .ue14702c8dab9b890666cc3a7ee6bbee4:active { border:0!important; } .ue14702c8dab9b890666cc3a7ee6bbee4 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue14702c8dab9b890666cc3a7ee6bbee4 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue14702c8dab9b890666cc3a7ee6bbee4:active , .ue14702c8dab9b890666cc3a7ee6bbee4:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue14702c8dab9b890666cc3a7ee6bbee4 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue14702c8dab9b890666cc3a7ee6bbee4 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue14702c8dab9b890666cc3a7ee6bbee4 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue14702c8dab9b890666cc3a7ee6bbee4 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue14702c8dab9b890666cc3a7ee6bbee4:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue14702c8dab9b890666cc3a7ee6bbee4 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue14702c8dab9b890666cc3a7ee6bbee4 .ue14702c8dab9b890666cc3a7ee6bbee4-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue14702c8dab9b890666cc3a7ee6bbee4:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Seeing futher through tears th EssayIII. After Anthony : The Struggle ContinuesThe struggle to eventually win the vote was a slow andfrustrating one. Wyoming Territory in 1869, Utah Territoryin 1870, and the states of Colorado in 1893 and Idaho in1896 granted women the vote but the Eastern states stillresisted it. The woman-suffrage amendment to the FederalConstitution, presented to every Congress since 1878,repeatedly failed to pass. Over a generation later, when the United States enteredWorld War I in April 1917, the NAWSA pledged its support. Thousands of suffragists folded bandages in their localheadquarters and volunteered to work in hospitals andgovernment offices. The suffrage leaders hoped that afterthe war American women would be rewarded with the vote fortheir patriotic efforts. Some feminist leaders split with the NAWSA over itssupport of the war. Another woman named Alice Paul led theCongressional Union for Womens Suffrage, later called theNational Womans party, in agitating for the vote during thewar. Another group, the New York branch of the WomansPeace party, led by a woman named Crystal Eastman, refusedto support the war to make the world safe for democracywhen American women did not have democratic rights. Thenational Womans Peace party, headed by Jane Addams,supported a peace settlement but did not openly oppose thewar (Meyer, 1987). Congress finally did pass the womens suffrage bill inJune 1919, and the 19th Amendment to the Constitution becamelaw on August 26 of 1920. With that one occurrence,approximately twenty-five million women had won the rightto vote (Meyer, 1987). Following the suffrage victory,NAWSA members transferred their allegiance to the newlycreated League of Women Voters, a non-partisan organizationdedicated to educating women on political issues. TheNational Womans party worked toward an amendment to theConstitution providing complete equality of rights forwomen. The Womans Peace party became affiliated withanother pacifist group, the Womens International League forPeace and Freedom. In Great Britain, as in the United States, woman-suffrageworkers divided into two campsthe moderate National Unionof Womens Suffrage Societies and the militant WomensSocial and Political Union, led by Emmeline Pankhurst andher daughters Christabel and Sylvia. A bill conferringsuffrage on women over 30 was passed by the BritishParliament in 1918. Ten years later the age limit waslowered to 21. Meanwhile, New Zealand had granted fullsuffrage in 1893, and Australia in 1902. Women had won fullsuffrage in Finland in 1906 and in Norway in 1913 and werevoting in most countries by the time World War II broke out. In 1945, Japanese women also received the right to vote. Women voted for the first time in France in 1945. Women inItaly won the right to vote one year later in 1946. (Meyer, 1987). IV. Conclusive RemarksSusan B. Anthony, along with Stanton and Matilda JoslynGage had published The History of Woman Suffrage (in fourvolumes released from 1881-1902) In 1888, she organized theInternational Council of Women and in 1904 the InternationalWoman Suffrage Alliance (Harper, 1993, vol. 3). AlthoughAnthony did not live to see the consummation of her effortsto win the right to vote for women, the establishment of the19th amendment is deeply owed to her efforts. Susan B. Anthony died of natural causes in 1906 but aswas indicated within the previous section, her dreamscertainly did not die with her. Anthony is known to havealways acknowledged Stanton as the founder of the womensrights movement. Her own achievement lay in her inspirationand perseverance in bringing together vast numbers of peopleof both sexes around the single goal of the vote. .u7f777d2cc9c499d1514b3d8aee2e883e , .u7f777d2cc9c499d1514b3d8aee2e883e .postImageUrl , .u7f777d2cc9c499d1514b3d8aee2e883e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7f777d2cc9c499d1514b3d8aee2e883e , .u7f777d2cc9c499d1514b3d8aee2e883e:hover , .u7f777d2cc9c499d1514b3d8aee2e883e:visited , .u7f777d2cc9c499d1514b3d8aee2e883e:active { border:0!important; } .u7f777d2cc9c499d1514b3d8aee2e883e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7f777d2cc9c499d1514b3d8aee2e883e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7f777d2cc9c499d1514b3d8aee2e883e:active , .u7f777d2cc9c499d1514b3d8aee2e883e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7f777d2cc9c499d1514b3d8aee2e883e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7f777d2cc9c499d1514b3d8aee2e883e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7f777d2cc9c499d1514b3d8aee2e883e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7f777d2cc9c499d1514b3d8aee2e883e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7f777d2cc9c499d1514b3d8aee2e883e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7f777d2cc9c499d1514b3d8aee2e883e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7f777d2cc9c499d1514b3d8aee2e883e .u7f777d2cc9c499d1514b3d8aee2e883e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7f777d2cc9c499d1514b3d8aee2e883e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Accounting Atrill s love for womens rights andperseverance in her cause, women today undeniably enjoy agreat many more rights and privileges than those of theprevious century. For one hundred years ago, a woman wasruled by a government and a law in which she had no voiceand no say. If she felt herself wronged in any way, shape,or form- she had no way of making the fact known to the law,or no way in which she might suggest a remedying solutionfor it. It was an unheard of thing for a woman to speak outin public. None of the nations colleges or universitiesadmitted women as students. Females were barred from nearlyallprofitable employments, and in those that we were permitted to pursue, women received only one quarter of the manscompensation for the same work; females could never becomenot become a doctor or lawyer, or, except within theSociety of Friends, a minister (Lutz, 1976). If she was married any wages she might earn were nothers, but must be handed by the employer to her husband, whowas in every way her master, the law even giving him thepower to chastise or punish her. The laws of divorce were soframed as to be wholly regardless of the happiness of women,in every case the man always gaining the control of thechildren- even if he were the offender in the case. A fathercould apprentice his children without the leave of themother, and at his death could appoint a guardian for them,thereby taking them from the mothers control. Manendeavored in every way possible to destroy womansconfidence in her powers, to lessen her self-respect and tomake her willing to lead a dependent, subservient life. Itreally seemed as if man had assumed the powers of the Lordhimself in claiming it as his right to tell woman what shemight or might not do, and what was or was not her place. For more than half a century, Susan B. Anthony hadfought for change in the form of womens rights. Accordingto my research, many people rudely made fun of her. Someinsulted her. Nevertheless, she traveled from county tocounty in New York and other states making speeches andorganizing clubs for womens rights. She pleaded her cause with every president from AbrahamLincoln to Theodore Roosevelt. On July 2, 1979, the U.S. Mint appropriately honored her work by issuing thewell-known Susan B. Anthony dollar coin (Barry, 1988). BibliographyV. BibliographyAnthony, Katherine S. Susan B. Anthony : Her PersonalHistory and Era. Re-Printed in 1975. Barry, K., Susan B. Anthony. Printed in 1988. Harper, I. H., The Life and Work of Susan B. Anthony,3 vols. 1898-1908; reprinted in 1993. Lutz, Alma, Susan B. Anthony. Reprinted in 1976. Meyer, Donald., Sex and Power : The Rise of Women All Oeerthe World.,Printed in 1987. English Essays

Http//www.cengage.com/marketing/book_content/lamb Essays - Economy

http://www.cengage.com/marketing/book_content/lamb_9781285091860/videos/ch14.html VIDEO ASSIGNMENT: New Balance Hubway New Balance Hubway is a bike sharing system in the Boston area that uses automated stations to provide a bike service to people looking to go short distances. In this clip, employees discuss how the retailing model works for Hubway, and how the difference between brick and mortar and e-business models allowed them to succeed in the Boston area.. Based on the number of bike stations, what level of distribution is Hubway aiming for? Exclusive distribution Selective distribution Intensive distribution Broker distribution 2. Which type of nonstore retailer is New Balance Hubway? Automatic Vending Direct retailing Shop at home network telemarketing 3. Which of the following is true about New Balance Hubway? it has a high level of service with a wide product line. it has a low level of service with a wide product line. it has a low level of service with a narrow product line. it has a high level of service with a wide product line. 4. Which channel for consumer products does New Balance Hubway use? Direct channel Retailer Channel Wholesaler Channel Agent/Broker Channel 5. Which factors have the most influence on the method and level of distribution intensity New Balance Hubway uses to distribute its rental service? market factors Product factors Producer factors. Price factors. 6. Which of the following is the best classification of New Balance Hubway's retail operation? Department Store Off-Price retailer Convenience store Specialty store 7. When New Balance Hubway discusses managing how many bikes are in various stations, it is focusing on which aspect of service distribution? minimizing wait times managing service capacity improving service delivery Data mining the stations. 8. Developing the app Spotcycle, which allows customers to see where the best station to drop off their bike is by rating how full, empty, or nearby stations are is one way that New Balance Hubway minimizes wait times. True False 9. New Balance Hubway is a major player in non-traditional service retailing, and demonstrating how new technology can offer new ways of providing great service. True False 10. New Balance Hubway started in Dallas a. True b. False

The Rat

The Rat THE RATMammalia (Mammals) - RatExternal charateristicsThe body is divided into a head, neck, trunk and tail and is covered by hair. The rat has two pairs of limbs. Each of the front legs has four toes, each with a claw. Each of the hind legs has five toes, each with a claw. On the head are two ears with pinnae directed to the front. At the front of the head below the ears are two eyes, each with a movable upper and lower eyelid and a nictitating membrane. At the tip of the pointed snout are two extenal nostrils just above the split upper lip of the mouth. On each side of the split upper lip are long sensitive whiskers. The long tongue acts as an organ of taste and helps with eating. Both the upper and lower jaws have teeth situated in sockets. The neck is short and thick.This is a chicken blinking. You can see her inner ...On the ventral surface of the female's trunk there are six pairs of teats. The genital opening (vagina), anus and and urinary opening are separate in the female an d are found between the hind legs. In the male the urinary and sexual opening open jointly at the tip of the penis. The scrotum holds the testes outside the body between the hind legs. The tail is long and ends in a thin point.ReproductionDuring copulation the penis of the male is inserted into the vagina of the female. The sperms are discharged and and fertilisation occurs internally in the oviducts. The zygote develops into the embryo in the uterus of the female. The placenta, an intimate physiological connection between the embryo and the mother, supplies food and respiratory gases and removes wastes and carbon dioxide from the embryo. After a gestation period the young are...

Should fast food chains in the US be held legally and socially Research Paper

Should fast food chains in the US be held legally and socially responsible for contributing to consumer obesity because of failu - Research Paper Example The number of fast food chains has also been on the increase since the early 1970s with the number of operational food chain stores having doubled over the years (Schlosser 3). With this, researchers have blamed the increase in the number of fast food chains to blame for the increase in obesity reported cases across the US. However, two sides exist in the debate in which others argue that fast foods also allow people that have lower income rates or the homeless to access affordable food (Bagchi & Preuss 854). As much as critics have suggested that obesity and fast food chains have a direct correlation, it has been difficult to establish empirical evidence supporting or negating this fact hence making the debate to be inconclusive. With this as a basis, this research essay will delve intowhether fast foods are legally or socially responsible to blame for their influence on consumer obesity because they do not disclose the ingredients or calorie levels in the foods that they sell. Furt her, the essay will assess the ways in which this scenario is likely to affect the economy of the US in terms of profit generation and customer oriented services. Linking obesity and fast food establishments In a definition, obesity refers to having a condition in which a person’s body fat is more than 30% of the ideal body weight in relation to their height. Over the years, children with obesity have received a diagnosis of chronic conditions such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and hypertension among a list of many other preventable diseases. In the past, these lifestyle conditions only afflicted adults but the emerging trend has been that children and young adults alike have developed these conditions over time. The costs of treating obesity related conditions have been soaring over the years and critics have shifted focus to the possible cause of obesity rather than preventing the gain of unnecessary body weight of the young population. For one, critics argue that f ast food chains are to blame for the increased rates of obesity because of the many offers that they give to their customers in order to edge out market competition for themselves. For instance, McDonalds and Burger King have in recent times introduced offers on oversized burgers as a way of reciprocating customer loyalty where they dished out large servings of fizzy drinks and French fries at discounted prices. Further, families that have incredible busy work schedules also rely on fast food for ready-cooked meals as they do not have time to prepare home cooked meals for their young ones. Therefore, many families rely on taking out from fast food establishments because of the convenience and the minimal costs attached to acquiring meals from these joints. Subsequently, the consumption of greasy foods on a regular basis without engaging in active physical exercises leads to increase in a person’s BMI hence making them to become obese. In relation to litigation suits, lawyers have sought to establish the link between obesity and fast food joints in the same way that they illustrated that tobacco companies are partly to blame for the increased rates of complications associated with cigarette smoking. The argument that lawyers present is that fast food companies sell greasy foods to unknowing consumers without disclosing the calorie percentage in the foods that they retail. Therefore, fast food compani

Case study analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Case study analysis - Essay Example Discussion Division â€Å"A† manager has proposed the management and the stakeholder of the organization about the automation of the data. It is an effective and useful idea. It can ease the business process of the organization. In addition to this, adoption of the automation process can help the organization to reduce the stress level of the employees as it will save time and physical effort of an individual. Looking into these advantages, the management and stakeholder of the organization approved the proposal of Division â€Å"A† manager. Moreover, the organization paid huge capital to develop this automation system. The â€Å"A† division of the organization is consists of two sections, such as Section â€Å"G† and Section â€Å"S†. After getting the approval, it was the responsibility of the division â€Å"A† manager to ask his two sections to focus on this project. Major reasons behind the project were high capital investment and to work with organization’s vision in order to improve its service. The major portion of the employees in the sections under the Division â€Å"A† manager was not competent to use the newly approved data automation system and instead was willing to carry out their daily paper based activities. Several arguments were framed by the employees to explain the shift in the working platform as a glamorous attempt to keep up with the vision on technological advancements. Thus the employees resisted to the forces of change. The steps taken towards change management in the organization were extremely crucial to keep up with the competitive environment. The employees resisted to change due to the gaps in the desired level of knowledge and skill required to adopt the data automation platform. There was also lack of transparency in the organizational decisions on change managements and it was not conveyed properly to the employees who would execute the work in the automated data platform. The practices of the Division â€Å"A† manager and the Section â€Å"S† manager in putting pressure on the employees to work on the automated data platform reveal unfair practices and inefficient leadership skills to motivate the employees (Schein, 2010). The recruitment of the new Finance Manager in order to achieve integration of finance function with the data automation platform resulted in conflicts between the managers due to difference in individual interest. One of the managers may be inclined for individual incentives while the other may have the broader perspective and will take decisions that are god for the organization. Here a conflict of their interests may arise. The employees started to take sides in order to establish their position in decision making. The lack of coordination among the managers, chaos among the employees led to the creation of a toxic work environment. All these reflected weakness in organization culture. Poor communication or interac tion among the managers will slow down the work flow. The existence of informal information will shed the impact upon the work process. Recommendation The senior management of Emirates especially the Human resources department had to the take up a host of actions for the improving the workplace environment of the company. First of all, the employees had adopted themselves to the conventional system of paperwork and therefore they were not ready to adapt to the new system of

International Security in an Era of Globalization Research Paper

International Security in an Era of Globalization - Research Paper Example Security is one of the challenges that have continued to face different countries across the globe and this has led to the development of a common approach by different countries. The United States and countries in the European Union have in past collaborated in the fight against terrorism and cybercrime by sharing essential intelligent information that has assisted in forestalling serious terrorist attacks. Achieving this progress has been possible due to the advances that have been made in globalization front that has brought countries together and led to the development of a common ground and cultural integration. Globalization and democratization therefore have an intimate linkage that has seen each contribute to the development of the other. The process of globalization has created immense changes to different aspects of leadership and governance in the world. Through globalization, geographical separated countries have been brought together and provided room with a common operation. However, the advances in globalization have also led to the separation of some countries and this has contributed to conflict among countries that previously had cordial relationships. One of the quite visible change that globalization has created in different parts of the world is the change in the political culture of different countries around the globe. Through globalization, democratization, a practice that was commonly perfected by the western countries has been spread to other countries across the globe (Wunderlich, 2013). After the popularization of globalization by economists in the 1960s, the need for countries to open up its borders for other countries increased and this led to the emergence of multinationals, international human rights organisations and bodies tasked with promoting democracy and the protection of human rights. The impacts of globalization on the democratization process

Coca Colas product range and services

Coca Colas product range and services Coca-Cola is a carbonated soft drink sold in the stores, restaurants, and vending machines of more than 200 countries. It is produced by The Coca-Cola Company of Atlanta, Georgia, and is often referred to simply as Coke (a registered trademark of The Coca-Cola Company in the United States since March 27, 1994). Originally intended as a patent medicine when it was invented in the late 19th century by John Pemberton, Coca-Cola was bought out by businessman Asa Griggs Candler, whose marketing tactics led Coke to its dominance of the world soft-drink market throughout the 20th century. The company produced concentrate which is then sold to licensed Coca-Cola bottlers throughout to the world. The bottlers, who hold territorially exclusive contracts with the company, produce finished product in cans and bottles from the concentrate in combination with filtered water and sweeteners. The bottles then sell, distribute and merchandise Coca-Cola to retails stores and vending machines. Such bottlers include Coca-Cola Enterprises, which is the largest single Coca-Cola bottler in North America and Western Europe. The Coca-Cola Company also sells concentrate for soda fountains to major restaurant and food service distributor. The Coca-Cola Company has, an occasion, introduce other cola drinks under the Coke brand name. The most common of these is Diet Coke, with others including Caffeine-Free Coca-Cola, Coca-Cola Cherry, Coca-Cola Zero, and special editions with lemon, lime, or coffee. (The Coca-Cola Company Profile, www.wikipedia.com, 2011) Product and Services The Coca-Cola Company sells the products form of soft drinks include beverage concentrates and syrups, with major beverage products. Business has more than 300 beverage brands all over the world with a major to be Coke, Fanta, Lift, Sprite, Frutopia 100% Fruit Juice, and Powerade. The Coca-Cola Company Beverages its packages into plastic bottles of sizes 2 liters, 1.25 liters, 600ml and 300ml. these are also available in aluminium cans of 375ml. Coca-Cola is the most well-known trademark, recognized by 94 percent of the world population. Business was very successful and has an excellent reputation. The price of Coca-Cola are various according to size, place, and packaging. Maybe if Coca-Cola sells in the school will have different price if the Coca-Cola sells in the bazaar or market, or if we compare the price of Coca-Cola in Indonesia will different in America. (My blog Dewi Irianty, 2011) As information from Coca-Cola Amatil (CCA) Indonesia (Profile Company, www.Coca-Colaamatil.co.id, 2011) Coca-Cola Bottling Indonesia (CCBI) is a manufacturer and distributor of soft-drinks in Indonesia. We manufacture and distribute products licensed from The Coca-Cola Company. In addition to providing quality products and high standards, we also provide the best support services, both for our customer (distribution partners) as well as consumers. To support the best service, the CCBI provides the National Contact Center (NCC), a service center for customer and consumers throughout Indonesia. NCC serves as a medium for customers and consumers who need information or any services related to the Company and the products of Coca-Cola. Services from the NCC include: Customer service which includes the request for a customers, refrigeration equipment, ordering products from both traditional and modern outlets, and other matters related to the distribution or sale; Customer service which includes product information, product quality and packaging, products promotion and activities; Frequently Asked Question which include the research, practice or internship and job vacancies the CCBI, request to visits to the factory CCBI, offering services and products for CCBI. The suggest 90% of our customers prefer to buy of Coca-Cola in a cold state. To support increase sales growth and push the level of benefits to our customers, the role of Cold Drink Equipment (cooling equipment) becomes important. Therefore, we always to ensure that the Cold Drink Equipment that are in all our outlets to function properly and have an interesting view. One of the special program conducted by Coca-Cola Bottling Indonesia to realize that goal is to provide new services, RED desk for customers who already have a cooler of Coca-Cola. Types of services available are: Receive and handle complaints of damage from the outlet of Cold Drink Equipment as well as the Sales Center Receive and handle request installation or withdrawal from the outlet of Cold Drink Equipment and Sales Center Answering question about the Cold Drink Equipment Services Coca-Cola Why the Coca-Cola Company goes to International Business it because they want to spread the product all over the world, and people will know the product. Beside that reason, the Coca-Cola also wants to raise the revenue and it will affect the production and the production will up because the demand of the product is growth up too. Its not about just the company get the advantage from this market, but the government will also get the revenue because The Coca-Cola Company do the export-import where there is a tax will raise the income of the government. The Coca-Cola Company is often appointed to be a sponsor of FIFA World Cup Football. Coca-Cola became sponsor of the World Cup almost every year held the World Cup including the 2010 World Cup. (www.google.com, www.scribd.com, 2011) The differences between across countries and home country The differences between across country and home country shown in the products they are produced. Each country have the different product although they have same name products, there are some products may be same. In Indonesia Coca-Cola Bottling Indonesia or Coca-Cola Company produced the products in the bottle with ordinary design and non-alcohol, it because in Indonesia the government not allowed it. But, in America they have extraordinary design with the different design every product. In Indonesia they dont have a unique design like the product of America, and in America they have many products of Coca-Cola. This matter of concern is supposed to be the core differences between across country and home country. (Products list of Coca-Cola, www.thecoca-colacompany.co.id, 2011), (Product Coca-Cola, www.google.com, 2011) Strategy To support their products The Coca-Cola Company has strategy to their products and their company, the strategy such as sales and marketing, manufacturing and distribution, and innovation. To support their sales and marketing, they designed many programs which are pointed to consumers and loyalty of their products. Sales and Marketing Promotion Various promotions designed not only to increase their sales and marketing, but also to continue improve their consumer satisfaction and loyalty of their products. Serving Their Customers Customer Service Center (CSC) is designed to continue improve their customer satisfaction and loyalty their products by providing superior levels of service to their customers based on their specific needs. Area Marketing Contractor Encourage by the companys limited resources to cost-effectively service certain operating areas directly and strong commitment to create job opportunities in the informal sector, Coca-Cola Bottling Indonesia (CCBI) continue develops its product distribution system through small and medium-sized business in Indonesia. Under the system, CCBI works with two mains of third parties: Area Marketing Contractors known as AMCs, and street vending. Serving their products At Coca-Cola Bottling Indonesia, we are commits to providing their customers with a range of Cold Drink Equipment to support their business. From ice chests for kiosk, to electric coolers for retail outlets, vending machines and street vending, we lend these facilities to the customer at no cost, so they can sells Coca-Cola Products cold op their consumers. HoReCa Having partnership with many hotels, restaurants, and cafes, their give many great offerings through HoReCa programs. (The Coca-Cola Company sales and marketing, www.coca-colaamatil.co.id , 2011) Manufacturing and Distribution The production of all products sold and distributed by Coca-Cola Bottling Indonesia takes place in Indonesia. There are ten production plants located throughout Indonesia. Over the years, our plants in Indonesia have been awarded prizes from the Coca-Cola Company for attaining standards above those similar plants located in others part of the world. All production plants meet and frequently exceed international standards and local regulatory requirements and undergo regular audits in the areas of quality control, environmental, health, and safety practices. Coca-Cola beverages products began as raw material and go through many stages as follows: Ingredients Preparations, Mixing, Washing, Filling Capping, Coding, Inspection, Packaging, and Loading. Coca-Cola will not only sell products to their customers but also give instructions on how to merchandise the product. Sales supervisors also regularly visit customers and provide advice and listen to any input that the customers may provide, it will be a great contribution to the company. Overall sales and distribution policy is directed by the National Office, located in Cibitung, Bekasi, but the execution of the policy is carried out by well qualified and experienced regional and area operational managers and their staff. Apart from that, the bottling plants in Indonesia always welcome visitors who would like to know more about explore their hygienic and state-of-the-art production process. Coca-Cola indicates their innovation through some continuance research and development activities. They try to develop Indonesia typical products. Moreover, many variations of packages and accessories are now easily found throughout Indonesia. The reputation of Coca-Cola in Indonesia was only recognized as the large forces with main carbonated beverage company, now has changed become total beverage company in line with the production of fast non-carbonated beverage. It commenced from the issuance of Frestea, tea beverage, on the last June 2002. Now it becomes the second largest fast beverage product in Indonesia. Furthermore, Coca-Cola has marketed Sunfill Syrup and powder, and Ades mineral water outside Jabodetabek. In the meantime, the packaging field always updates its innovations. After the Refillable Glass Bottle, Frestea, Produced a couple years ago; it has been produced in more relax package last year (Tetra Wedge). It is believed to be easier and practice to bring. In the end of 2003, Coca-Cola, Sprite, and Fanta appeared in the tiny can package of 250ml. In addition, there is Glass Bottle which is light to 30% in its weight with a very tiny design but strong. Now it has started to market in Bali and for the near c oming years will be marketing nationwide. Innovation on selling facilities also developed continuously in order to meet the need of consumers and the current technology development. Some of us had to believe that Information Technology approach is really essential for every stands of company. Meanwhile, Coca-Cola bottling Indonesia has non-pollution materials. Besides increasing selling productivities, those new crates are expected to enhance the product of Coca-Cola in Indonesia. These continuous innovations have proven which as one of the famous beverage company in the world, Coca-Cola wants to provide its best for the consumers. New idea has presented and continuous investments have made in order to become the best beverage company in the world. (The Coca-Cola Company manufacturing and distribution, www.coca-colaamatil.co.id , 2011) Innovation The Coca-Cola Company tries to make new innovation to develop their products. In addition, more packages and interesting accessories are now easily found throughout Indonesia. The reputation The Coca-Cola Company in Indonesia which is previously recognize as the main carbonated beverage company, has now changed become total beverage company in line with the production of fast non-carbonated beverage. It commenced from the issuance o f Frestea, Tea Beverage, on the last June 2002. Now, it becomes the second largest fast beverage product in Indonesia. Furthermore, Coca-Cola has marketed Sun Fill syrup and Powder, and Ades mineral water outside Jabotabek. In the field of packaging, Coca-Cola always updates its innovation. After Refillable Glass Bottle, Frestea, produced a couple years ago; it has been produced a last year in more relax package (Tetra Wedge) which is easier and more practice to bring. In the end of 2003, Coca-Cola, Sprite, and Fanta appeared in the tiny can package of 250ml. In addition there is Glass Bottle which is light to 30% in its weight with a very tiny design but strong. Now it has started to market in Bali and for the near coming years will be marketed nationwide. Innovation in selling facilities also developed continuously to meet the need of consumers and the current technology development. Coca-Cola Bottling Indonesia has non pollution materials. Besides increasing productivities, those new creates are expected to enhance the product of Coca-Cola Indonesia. Those continuous innovations have proven that as one of the famous beverage company in the world, Coca-Cola wants to provide its best for the consumer. New idea has presented and continuous investments have made in order to become the best beverage company in the world. (The Coca-Cola innovation, www.coca-colaamatil.co.id , 2011) Culture Culture is a part of external influences that impact the consumer. That is culture represents influences that are imposed on the consumer by other individuals. The culture every country is different, not just about culture of country but the company has also culture for their company. To gain their business, The Coca-Cola Company focus in all aspect such as focus in product, commitment to people development, graduate trainee program, job vacancy and the others. To keep the quality of product The Coca-Cola Company always controls the products to not disappointing the consumer. The Coca-Cola Company also held the events for their employees such as games, party, etc. The Coca-Cola Company has commitment for their company to always keep the believing from the peoples. (Lars Perner, Ph.D, www.consumerpsychologist.co.id , 2011) (www.coca-colaamatil.co.id , 2011) Analyzes of PESTEL (Political-Economical-Social-Technological-Environmental-Legal) Political The non-alcoholic beverages falls in the category under the FDA and the government plays a role within the operation of manufacturing these products. For those companies that didnt meet the standard requirement which have been set by law, an amount of fines shall be deemed. The changes in laws and regulations, such as accounting standards, taxation requirements and environmental laws and foreign jurisdictions might affect the book of the company as well as their entry in foreign country. Apart from that, the changes in the nature of business as non-alcoholic beverages can gain competitive product and pricing pressures and the ability to improve or maintain the share in sales in global market as a result of action by competitors. An overview to the country internal markets and other governmental changes that affects their ability to penetrate the developing and emerging markets that involves the political and economic conditions. Indeed, Coca-cola always anticipates any changes in the political field and continuously monitoring the policies and regulations set by government. In the political variables, most of the things are related to Governmental activities. So, they dont leave any good or bad impact in the Industry of coke. Economical The issue of recession and inflation rates may affect the industry of coke. Non-alcoholic and alcoholic beverages are also stands for good impact for a certain countries. Non-alcoholic beverages will stand better for Indonesia, Japan, Germany, and so on. On the other hand, alcoholic beverages will collect a high demand in USA, Australia, New Zealand, etc. It is supposed that economic have a negative impact to the demand of coca-cola products when the price changed because of recession and inflation. The economic situation of a country shall be strong in order to adapt to the economical changes. Social Lifestyles and attitudes of the market are supposed to change in a lifetime. It is also observed that the overall content in this world is categorized as baby boomers. This will continue to affect the non-alcoholic beverage industry by increasing the demand overall and in the healthier beverages. The main result is the decreasing demand for the carbonated drinks and is going to pull down the revenue of coca-cola. Technological IT department is demanded to be the most functional field. This creates opportunities for new products and product improvements in terms of marketing and production. New products always come along with the advance of technology. Through computers coke can increase the efficiency of its business and can have up -to-date data about their productions. This will be a way to monitor the needs of consumer. Environmental The Coca-Cola Company is providing consumers with simple moments of uniquely satisfying refreshment. The Coca-Cola Company work hard to infuse the environmental, health, and safety performance. Before The Coca-Cola Company discharge wastewater into a natural body of water, they treat that discharge water to a level capable of supporting fish life. Recognizing that environmental, health, and safety issues change as our understanding of these issues grows, they have developed a comprehensive system that follows international standards (including ISO 14001) and complies with the prevailing laws and regulations. All plants are audited regularly and have solid environment health and safety practices from waste management and reuse to occupational health and safety programs. Beyond the satisfaction of doing the right thing, our responsibility goes to the Indonesian people whose lives touch every day, and that responsibility includes conducting their business in ways that protect environment and promote the health and safety of our employees at the work places. Environment policy: PT. Coca-Cola Bottling Indonesia has commitment to always comprehend, prevent and reduce any negative impacts on environment due to its production process, to continuously provide high quality services and products to its customers and consumers, and to create a safe working environment. (The Coca-Cola Company environment, www.coca-colaamatil.co.id , 2011) Legal Legal aspect emphasizes on the effect of the national and world legislation. The industry of Coke receives all the rights applicable in the nature of their business. Every inventions and product developments are always going into the patented process led by governmental rules and regulations. This kind of legal approach leads to no highly negative impacts to industry of Coke as prescribed in Presidential decree. (http://ivythesis.typepad.com/term_paper_topics/2009/12/pestle-analysis-on-coca-cola.html ) Three Majors are very important from PESTEL Economical A few of economical crisis rises in many countries, especially underdeveloped and developing countries. Both categories seem not to have a strong economic level compared to developed countries. Inflation and recession will cause the economical situation of those countries to be unstable. Prices can be absurd and unaffordable. This will establish a pick from the demand which means stingy demand. The revenue of coca-cola industry will be decreased in many possible ways. In conclusion, the sales projection will be higher than realization. Bad reputation will then create another negative impact to the other fields of consequences. Social The lifestyle, trends, and culture of each country are all different. The countries such as Indonesia, Japan, Germany, Fiji, Papua Guinea, are approaching Sparkling beverages, still beverages, but not alcoholic beverages. This means industry of coke have to determine their products distribution in a simultaneous way. Producing the non-alcoholic beverages in such countries mentioned above will be able to collect a vast number of demands. Producing alcoholic beverages will be only wasted and only produced in a limited number which resulting in higher prices than the other products. This condition may not be affecting a country such as USA and Australia. Both of them are multicultural and many products are acceptable in both countries. The only trouble is only the competitors such as Pepsi and Nestle. Technology Apart from all the other filed, technological do affect most industry even Coca-Cola company. By using technology advantages, most developed industries in the world are having the advancement of technology as the source of their success. The core benefits are information, marketplace, and products development. Information always flows from the industry to the customers and vice versa. An industry is a physical form of conceptual plan. Every industry has to convert the source of information into data. The data can be accessed by customers in order to give reliable feedback to the industry itself. This will be the access point to the marketplace. Every country seems to have different tastes and needs. In this term, industry of coke can segment the market with potential demand. The potential demand may be differentiated into some categories. Meanwhile, the industry of Coke can do products development in order to fulfill the needs of consumer. This kind of monitoring session will bring up the flow into information again. Then, industry of Coke will have the updated information from customer again. Moreover, by the information received, industry of Coke can provide new information about their developed products and any promotion and details about the company.

Energy, Society, and Climate Change :: Preservation Wildlife Essays

Energy, Society, and Climate Change The topic of my presentation was the proposal to open the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge to oil drilling. This controversial proposal has come into the forefront of U.S. energy policy in the past year with the Bush administration advocating its approval to open the previously undisturbed habitat of the Refuge to oil exploration. In my presentation, I gave a basic overview of U.S. oil usage, a brief history of drilling on the North Slope, the formation of ANWR, the potential pros and cons of drilling in the Refuge, and concluded by citing other means of oil management that would by far offset any temporary gains by ANWR drilling. I began my presentation by giving some statistics on the annual consumption rate of oil in the United States. In 2001, the United States consumed over 19 billion barrels of oil per day, which comes out to 7 billion barrels of oil annually. (http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/ipsr/t24.txt) This 7 billion barrel annual consumption rate makes up over 25% of the yearly world consumption rate of 24 billion barrels. The United States produces domestically about half of the oil it consumes, with the other half being imported, with half of the imports coming from OPEC countries. Stated simply, 25% of the oil the United States consumes annually is imported from OPEC countries, the other 25% of oil imported comes from non-OPEC countries such as Canada, with the United States using its own reserves for the remaining 50% of consumption. For an example of the cost of having such a reliance on imported oil, in midsummer 2001, with oil prices at $24 per barrel, the U.S. was spending $210 million per day on imported oil, which would add to nearly $80 billion per year if the price per barrel consistently stayed at $24. This reliance on foreign oil constitutes over 1/3 the annual U.S. trade deficit. (Energy and Society, Schobert, Pgs 505-506) Besides having relatively few oil fields compared to other nations, other problems hinder the ability of the U.S. to not rely on imported oil. The U.S. has exploited its oil reserves longer than any other nation, resulting in the cost of producing a barrel of oil in the existing U.S. reserves being more than anywhere else. This exploitation of U.S. reserves will cause domestic oil production to fall dramatically over the next decade as existing fields are exhausted and relatively few new reserves are discovered.

Crime Lab Scandal Essay

The Effects of the North Carolina State Bureau of Investigation Crime Lab Scandal The most important quality a law enforcement officer can have and should preserve at all cost is integrity. Regardless of what discipline they are employed in whether it be investigations, patrol or forensics an officer’s credibility is their most critical attribute. Thesis: As a result of unethical, fraudulent conduct by North Carolina SBI Crime Lab Agents several individuals were wrongly convicted of major crimes such as murder and rape and sentenced to lengthy prison terms. The effects on law enforcement collectively have been a loss of confidence and an overall sense of distrust from the citizens of North Carolina in law enforcement officers and the state’s judicial process system. Possible resources: News media including but not limited to The Huffington Post and The Raleigh News & Observer. Criminal Justice, Volume 27, Number 1, Spring 2012. Â © 2012 by the American Bar Association An Independent Review of the SBI Forensic Laboratory by Chris Swecker, Attorney at Law and Michael Wolf, Consultant. Specific case reports and reviews from the North Carolina Administration of the Courts (NCAOC) online records (if available). This topic relates specifically to Chapter 5, expert witnesses and Chapter 6, credibility. It will also relate to Chapters 3, 12 for discovery issues and 13. The main issue in this paper will be the focus on ethical misconduct in presenting false information, or in some cases excluding exculpatory evidence to the jury. It will also point out the unjust ramifications on innocent defendants as well as the effects such actions have on law enforcement’s credibility as an honorable institution.

Organ Donation Essays - Organ Donation, Medical Ethics, Free Essays

Organ Donation Essays - Organ Donation, Medical Ethics, Free Essays Organ Donation Organ donation is a topic which contains many conflicting views. To some of the public population organ donation is a genuine way of saving the life of another, to some it is mistrusted and to others it is not fully understood. There are some techniques that can be used to increase donation. Of these techniques the most crucial would be being educated. If the life threatening and the critical shortage of organs was fully understood by the public, organ donation would more likely be on the rise. An effort is needed throughout the world to make people aware of the benefits this process contains. Advances in medical technology have made it possible to save someone?s life by a process of organ donation. However, the scarcity of available organs is bringing the beneficial process down. By becoming an organ donor, people engage in improving someone else?s life at no cost. Although the question of religious or moral cost comes into effect, virtually there is no physical cost of becoming an organ donor. Organ donation should be seen as the "gift of life" but there are not enough logical explanations to explain this phrase. Whether people are donors, non-donors or recipients, all the public should be aware that organ donation is for the common welfare. Organ Donation-Why People Become Donors The main reason an individual becomes an organ donor is to give someone the "gift of life." By giving someone this privilege a person feels they are adding to another person?s life. Some reasons people give this gift is simply from having a kind heart, they may find the other person?s use for the organ more important than their need or maybe just because they just have no use for the organ. In certain circumstances a family will give consent of a deceased one?s organ in hope of easing their pain and sorrow. They feel by aiding in another life it will take some of their grief away. Organ donors compared to non-donors seem to be highly motivated and a bit more medically sophisticated. Those individuals who decide to become organ donors are those in our population who are willing to better other?s life. Organ Donation-Why People Do Not Become Donors Organ donation to some people is not the "gift of life," but "dying not whole." Religious aspects play a big role in why people don?t become donors, despite the fact that all major religious support organ donation to save lives. Moral beliefs also play into this issue regardless of religion. Several non-donors feel that physicians will terminate life support if they are aware of their wishes to be a donor. Another reason people chose not to become donors is they do not have enough knowledge on the topic. Those who are not donors tend to seem more suspicious and distrustful. Many non-donors have an overall mistrust of the medical community. Non-donors simply mistrust the organ donation system. They have mistrust for the system in regards to physicians and who physicians will award an organ to. Organ Donation-Public Education Needed For organ donation to increase, efforts must be directed to those who are not convinced that donation is for the common welfare. One way to increase organ donation is for physicians to educate their patients better regarding the benefits and success of transplantation. Public education about organ donation and volunteering for donation is needed. There should be more investments in public education programs to promote the idea of organ donation. Neither donors or non-donors have enough knowledge on this topic. Currently in the U.S. an effort to educate the public is underway. This effort is referred to as the Coalition on Donation and Advertising Council. The goal of this coalition is to ensure every individual in the U.S. understands the need for organ donation and accepts it as a human responsibility. Organ Donation-Ways to Increase Awareness organ donation is in serious need for more participants. Medical technology has made it possible to give people a second chance at life and our public population is bringing this chance down. Educational efforts remain most important to increase the success of donation. The public needs to recognize the benefits of such a process. The role of a family must also improve. Although families have the authority to refuse

What Is a 529 Plan How Can It Help You

What Is a 529 Plan How Can It Help You SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If you want to save in a smart way for college (either for yourself or your child), you’ll want to make the most of your money. One of the best savings plans meant specifically for growing a college fund is called a 529 plan, or a qualified tuition plan. But what is a 529 plan? Like any sort of investment plan, there are several types of 529s, all with their own benefits and drawbacks. In this post, I’ll talk about the basics of 529 plans, why they’re helpful, whether they affect financial aid, and where you can get one. What Is a 529 Plan? According to the IRS, a 529 plan is an investment savings plan with tax incentives (and sometimes other benefits) to make it easier to save for post-secondary education. It’s an account in which you contribute a portion of your income to save for future college expenses. They’re generally run by state governments or education institutions, not banks. A 529 is typically a â€Å"set and forget† sort of savings plan (although you have a few different options that I’ll get to shortly) - you decide to make whatever contributions you’d like and a fund manager makes investment choices for you. Some plans require you to purchase â€Å"packages† to cover future tuition costs, whereas others allow to contribute however much you want, however often you want. One of the things that makes it special is that it can only be used for education expenses in the future, and can be opened by anyone (the saver) for anyone (the beneficiary). The main advantage to having a 529 plan is that earnings (i.e. the money that the plan makes while your money is invested) are not subject to federal tax, and are generally not subject to state tax, when used for educational expenses. Eligible expenses usually include things like tuition, fees, books, room, and board. In sum: You contribute some amount of your post-tax income either on a regular or more flexible schedule. The money you contribute to the plan is invested, and will usually grow (or will be guaranteed to be worth a certain amount in the future). When the plan’s beneficiary wants to use the money for eligible educational expenses, the money can be withdrawn and you don’t have to pay taxes on any money that your plan makes (e.g. capital gains taxes). I’m Still Confused - Why Is a 529 Plan a Good Thing? 529 plans are similar to retirement savings plans in a few different ways. Because people are generally more familiar with the way retirement savings plans work, I’ll use them as an analogy. Just like with 529 plans, there are a few different retirement savings options (e.g. traditional IRA, Roth IRA, 401k), but the bottom line is that they’re all options with tax benefits and incentives to help you save. Depending on what plan you decide to go with, you may have more or less flexibility and/or opportunities for capital gains. As with retirement plans, time is your friend when it comes to 529s - more time means you can contribute more money to the plan, and your money has more time to grow on its own as an investment. You could just stash money away in a savings account, but you’ll probably see less growth due to low interest rates, and you’ll have to pay taxes on any earnings. Just like with any other investment, there is some risk involved in putting your money in some types of 529 plans (I’ll talk more about this shortly). You may not gain as much money as you anticipate, for example. Overall, though, 529 plans are pretty conservative and provide respectable earnings. Once again, time is your friend! This holds true for any investment or savings plan, really - if you give your money more time to earn, you’ll generally be happier with the outcome. Types of 529 Plans There are two main types of 529 plans: prepaid tuition plans and college savings plans. I’ll talk about both of these plans here. Prepaid Plans Prepaid plans are primarily sponsored by states. Investments are â€Å"guaranteed,† which means that your money is certain to be worth a certain amount in terms of tuition (and sometimes room and board) dollars when the beneficiary heads off to college. Ultimately, these plans â€Å"lock in† a certain rate of tuition. Savers purchase â€Å"units† or â€Å"credits† at participating schools (usually public, in-state schools) for future education expenses for a beneficiary. You usually have the option to choose from several available packages that lump units together (e.g. one year of tuition, two years of tuition, tuition plus housing, etc). It’s typical to have the option to pay with a lump sum or with monthly installments. The older the beneficiary is when you start purchasing credits, the more expensive these units become. These plans often have residency requirements, which means you have to live in the state that sponsors that particular plan. You should be able to transfer the value to private and out-of-state schools, but you may not get the full value of your plan (this varies widely by state). Ultimately, prepaid plans are fairly â€Å"safe† because of the guaranteed nature of the investment (although some argue that the deal isn’t as great as it’s made out to be). They are fairly inflexible, however - if the beneficiary chooses to attend a private or out-of-state school, you probably won’t be able to transfer the full value of the plan. Here’s an example of a prepaid plan in action: Let’s say you’re interested in the Florida state 529 prepaid plan for your newborn. There are different packages available, but you choose to buy the four-Year Florida University tuition package. This would cost you $28,888.39 in 2016. In 18 years when your newborn heads off to college, the money you spent in 2016 would cover all tuition expenses at an FL state university, no matter how high the costs are in 2038. College Savings Plans College savings plans are a bit easier to understand than prepaid plans. Simply, a college saver opens an account for a beneficiary (the student) to pay for the student’s eligible college expenses (room, board, tuition, fees). Tax-advantaged college savings plans are usually run by states themselves - some banks offer these plans, but they won’t come with the same advantages that you can get through your state plan. There are often many investment options to choose from, so the saver can freely customize his/her investment. Withdrawals from this type of plan can usually be used at any college or university, which offers a lot more flexibility for the beneficiary when it’s time to head off to college. Your rate of return on your investments will depend on your specific choice of plan, but some college savings plans may earn as much as 3 to 3.5%. The downside to college savings plans is that unlike prepaid plans, your investment is not guaranteed - they’re subject to market fluctuations, just like any other investment. The upside to these plans is the degree of flexibility they offer, both in the beneficiary’s choice of college and the amount the saver chooses to contribute. College savings plans are sort of like this gymnast - they’re flexible but also not afraid of a little risk. Here’s an example of a college savings plan in action: Let’s say you’re interested in a college savings plan for your 8-year-old. You’re not sure where he’ll want to go to school, so you prefer a college savings plan to a prepaid plan because it’s the more flexible option. Your son will be ready to head off to school in 10 years, so you start contributing $5,000 annually to the 529 plan of your choice. Your money is invested in a mutual fund, so you know a certain rate of return is not guaranteed. Your investment does well, however, and you see an annual rate of return at 3.5%. After 10 years you will have contributed $50,000 to the plan, but your ending balance will be $60,710 - you won’t have to pay any taxes on these gains. If you’d put away the same amount into a savings account with an interest rate of 3.5% over 10 years, your ending balance would come to $57,818 (assuming an annual tax rate of 25% on capital gains). Overview: The Main Differences Between Prepaid and College Savings Plans Prepaid Tuition Plan College Savings Plan Tuition Price Lock Locks in tuition prices at certain schools No lock on tuition costs Eligible Education-Related Expenses Generally just for tuition and mandatory fees For all college-related expenses, including tuition, room, board, fees, books, computer Investment Guarantee State plans are guaranteed or backed by the state No state guarantee; your investment is subject to risk just like any other investment (money could fail to grow, or you could even lose money) Age Limits Most plans have an age limit for the beneficiary (student) No age limits; open to adults and children Residency Requirements Most state plans require either the owner (saver) or beneficiary (student) to be a resident of that state No residency requirement, but there may be some limitations in how you can purchase the plan Enrollment Periods Most plans have limited enrollment periods (periods when you can start participating in the plans) Open enrollment; you can start participating whenever you’d like Should You Get a Prepaid or a College Savings Plan? Your choice of 529 plan will depend on a few different factors. First, how much flexibility in school choice are you looking for? Prepaid plans are less flexible, and as such are best for in-state public schools. You should be able to transfer credit from a prepaid plan to out-of-state and/or private schools, but you probably won’t get the full value of the plan. The actual amount that you’d be able to transfer depends on the individual plan. Bottom line: If flexibility is a priority, college savings plans may be the better option. If you’re confident that your child will attend an in-state public school, prepaid plans may be the best fit. Second, what’s your preferred level of risk? Prepaid plans are generally sponsored by the state - the investments, credits, units or whatever you purchase tend to be guaranteed by the state with these plans. College savings plans, on the other hand, don’t generally guarantee returns (unless, of course, they’re sponsored by the state). If the market performs very well your money could do better than you expected in a college savings plan, although the opposite is also true. Bottom line: If you’re particularly risk-averse, you may prefer a prepaid plan. If you value flexibility over the relative safety of a conservative investment, you might be happiest with a college savings plan. Will a 529 Plan Decrease Financial Aid Eligibility? You might worry that having an investment account earmarked for college expenses might decrease student aid eligibility. In reality, a 529 savings plan has little effect on how much money a student will receive in financial aid. 529 plans are considered parental assets. As such, they’re factored into federal financial aid formulas at a max rate of 5.6% - that means that 5.6% of your 529 savings are included in the â€Å"expected family contribution,† the figure that’s so important in the calculation of financial aid. Ultimately, family income is considered a much more important factor when it comes to determining aid eligibility. Learn more about calculating your financial aid eligibility. Where Can You Get a 529 Plan? Each state has its own sponsored 529 plans, but enrollment is sometimes limited based on the type of plan and your own (and/or the student’s) state of residency. You may be able to enroll directly in the plan, but in other cases you’ll have to enroll via a financial broker. To get information on state-specific plans, Google â€Å"[state] 529 plans.† Any page that talks about a state-sponsored plan will have more information about plan details and how to enroll. There are a lot of ads that come up with 529 plan searches, but the first non-ad result is your best bet, like in this example. Summary Hopefully you have a better idea of what 529 plans are and how they can be useful. There are a lot of different options depending on your savings goals, state of residency, and flexibility needs. I encourage you to look at your own state 529 options to see if particular plans appeal to you. If it’s an option, I also encourage you to talk to an expert or trusted financial advisor for advice and guidance! What’s Next? If you’re thinking about saving for college (for either yourself or a beneficiary), pat yourself on the back for being so proactive and forward-thinking. Something else you can do to prepare for the future is learn more about college expenses and how to minimize them. First, check out our complete guide to college costs - this outlines all the obvious and hidden expenses associated with going to college. If you’re surprised by how expensive college really is, you may want to read up on why college costs so much. Don’t get discouraged by these sticker prices, though! To figure out how to tackle these costs, check out our complete guide on how to pay for college (it may not be as daunting as you think). Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Emotional Intelligence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Emotional Intelligence - Essay Example Emotional intelligence basically means to control our emotions and expressions and thus maintain the interpersonal relationships. This art of emotional intelligence is very important in a person’s life. If anyone can control his or her facial expressions then he can be successful in his life just because of this emotional intelligence. The importance of emotions and feelings is vital but same is the case with the emotions and feelings of others. At certain times we have to take care of their emotions also just to save our relationships. In this situation emotional intelligence plays important role. With the help of this art we can control what we are felling at that particular time. When we talk about team work, leadership and management, then the importance of emotional intelligence is vital. Because all of these are totally dependent on relationships or we can say interpersonal relationships. These relationships can be managed only by controlling the emotions so that people may not feel any disrespect or harm form the management. The sentimental capacity of human mind can also be referred as the emotional intelligence. Some authors are of the opinion that emotional intelligence of any human being can be developed as the time and age passes and thus we can say a mature person would be more mentally stable as compare to an individual who is younger than him. But this theory does not fit in most of the cases. We may find many young individuals who are more stable emotionally as compare to their elders. Therefore the other group of authors which are against the development of emotional stability give their view point as that emotional intelligence is only inborn and it cannot be developed with the passing time. The presence of emotional intelligence is important in order to survive in the community or we can say that it helps us to manage our social lives also. Suppose we are unable to

Law - Roe vs. Wade Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Law - Roe vs. Wade - Term Paper Example Background Roe v. Wade arose because women were being deprived the right to choose what they wish to do with their bodies1. This is because abortion was illegal in all the states in the United States. There were strict laws, which forced many women into bad situations in any case they carry out an abortion illegally. In some instances, a number of women died as a result of unsafe abortion. Some women even tried to terminate their pregnancies themselves. Some other women chose to relocate to other countries to have safe, legal abortion. However, in the United States it was noted that a large number of women could not afford to move to other countries where abortion is legal to have their pregnancies terminated. A group of women in Texas was not happy with the situation. They argued that every woman should be allowed to choose what happened to her body. They therefore started advocating for change of law so that they could be given the right2. In 1970, the women hired two lawyers to re present them in their quest to have abortion legalized. The two lawyers presented a suit in Texas court challenging the abortion law. In the process, they found a young woman who intended to terminate her pregnancy and were willing to represent all the other expectant women in Texas who also wanted to have abortion. In order to protect her identity she was nicknamed Jane Roe3. The case was given a node and proceeded all through to the Supreme Court. Attorneys for the state of Texas however were conservative and wanted the law to remain as it was. They bear the opinion that a pregnant mother should give up her rights since the fetus rights are more important4. To counter this, the Jane Roe’s lawyer argued that women had a right to privacy, which included choosing to terminate pregnancy. The case has proved to be among the most controversial in the United States history, and many people still debates it to date. Many years after Roe, Americans still remain divided over the abor tion rights. Data on opinion polls show majority Americans in support if some aspects of abortion rights with regard while others are still of the view that the decision should be overruled and abortion remain illegal5. Subject Proponents ABC News-Washington post poll conducted thirteen years after the case of Roe v. Wade indicates that 57 percent of respondents polled stated the that abortion should remain legal. A Gallup opinion poll of 2011 showed that 49 % of those polled identified themselves with Roe6. Some proponents of Roe case especially led by women feminist argue that a woman’s right to choose abortion is a fundamental right enshrined in the constitution7. Therefore, it is the prerogative of a woman to choose what to do with her body. As a result, the constitution has a right to protect the fundamental rights to privacy of women. The feminist movement and other proponents of Roe argue that fetus is not a human being. As such, abortion is a matter of terminating pre gnancy and not killing a baby. They say that there is no biological proof to show that personhood starts at conception. To them a personhood starts when a person is born8. The proponents also say that fetus is not capable of feeling pain when terminating pregnancy. They cite a research carried out by Stuart Derbyshire, PhD, Senior Lecturer at the University of Birmingham who found out that a fetus is not capa